Robert Merton S Strain Theory
Merton whose work on the subject became especially influential in the 1950s. Robert merton 1938 offered the first modern version of strain theory which attempted to explain social class differences in offending merton observed that in the united states the cultural ethos of the american dream encourages all individuals regardless of circumstance to strive for personal success with an emphasis on the accumulation of monetary wealth.
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Merton developed strain theory a concept connected to both the functionalist perspective on deviance and émile durkheim s theory of anomie merton asserted that societies are composed of two core aspects.
Robert merton s strain theory. Robert king merton born meyer robert schkolnick. He explained that such an imbalanced society produces tension and there is a strain between the goals and means which create unfulfilled goals. Ritualism is derived from robert merton s strain theory.
4 july 1910 23 february 2003 was an american sociologist who is considered a founding father of modern sociology and a major contributor to the subfield of criminology he spent most of his career teaching at columbia university where he attained the rank of university professor in 1994 he was awarded the national medal of science for his. According to him tension in the society arises from the fact that the resources in the society are to equally divided among people to achieve cultural values and goals. The continuing relevance of strain theory.
While merton s theory was based on 20 th century america it is transferable to any contemporary western developed capitalist society. When one does not have the resources to reach goals they adopt other ways to attain goals based on this merton gave five responses that people use to adapt to the. Robert merton described the theory of strain to explain the disparity between cultural goals and means.
The theory states that society puts pressure on individuals to achieve socially accepted goals such as the american dream though they lack the means this leads to strain which may lead individuals to commit crimes like selling drugs or becoming involved in prostitution as a means to. While durkheim s concept of anomie was rather vague merton explains the idea in quite a detailed way. American sociologist robert k.
Strain theory in sociology proposal that pressure derived from social factors such as lack of income or lack of quality education drives individuals to commit crime the ideas underlying strain theory were first advanced in the 1930s by american sociologist robert k. Evaluate the usefulness of merton s explanations to our understanding of crime and deviance define what is meant by strain theory explain how strain occurs outline deviant adaptations to strain evaluate merton s explanation of crime compare and contrast durkheim and merton s views evaluate both views and their usefulness. Strain theory is a sociology and criminology theory developed in 1938 by robert k.
Merton s strain theory is an important contribution to the study of crime and deviance in the 1940s it helped to explain why crime continued to exist in countries such as america which were experiencing increasing economic growth and wealth. Culture and social structure our values beliefs goals and identities are developed in the cultural realm. Other researchers set forth similar ideas.
Merton was an american sociologist he described that society can promote deviance to a great scale. As the product of a strain between socially accepted goals and the socially accepted means to achieve them.
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The Strain Theory Robert Merton 1910 2003 Argued That Society May Be Set Up In A Way That Encourages Too Much Devianc Strain Theory Theories Merton
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