Cox 1 Vs Cox 2
Nsaids inhibit the rate limiting enzyme cyclooxygenase cox in prostaglandin synthesis and two cox isoforms have been identified cox 1 and cox 2. Most nsaid medications target both cox 1 and cox 2 but this can lead to stomach and intestinal problems for some people.
The cox 1 isoform produces cytoprotective prostaglandins and is present in most tissues including the gastrointestinal mucosa kidneys and platelets.
Cox 1 vs cox 2. 1 alternatively bacterial products and cytokines induce the expression of cox 2 and this isoform is primarily found in areas of inflammation. Cox 1 is known to be present in most of the tissues in our bodies. 2 the rationale for developing selective cox 2.
There are 2 subtypes of cyclooxygenase cyclooxygenase 1 cox 1 and cyclooxygenase 2 cox 2. This risk may increase with duration of use and in patients who have underlying risk factors for disease of the heart and blood vessels. There are two types of cyclooxygenase enzymes.
Cox 2 is phylogenetically more primitive that cox 1 and while very similar has critical differences particularly the existence of a small pocket half way down the active enzyme site. So it is desirous to inhibit cox 2 enzymes. Cox 2 inhibitors and other nsaids may increase the risk of heart attacks stroke and related conditions which can be fatal.
4 the enzyme is also involved in kidney and platelet function. Cyclooxygenase 1 cox 1 is solely responsible for the production of prostaglandins that protect the. There are two types of cox enzymes known as cox 1 and cox 2.
Cox 2 tends to be inducible and active in inflammation when induced. Also cox 1 is constitutively active and relative common in tissues. Cox 1 is important for txa2 synthesis in platelets cox 2 for pge2 synthesis in endothelial cells.
A number of drugs achieve selectivity by binding to this pocket including presumptively rofecoxib and celecoxib. The cyclooxygenase enzymes are found in epithelial and endothelial cells. There are different types of drugs that are used to inhibit cox 2 enzyme including celecoxib.
So there is no need to inhibit them but cox 2 enzymes play an important role in inflammation and pyrexia. In the gastrointestinal tract cox 1 maintains the normal lining of the stomach and intestines protecting the stomach from the digestive juices. In the 1990s it was discovered that there are two forms of the cyclooxygenase enzyme.
3 the latter is the one responsible for inflammation. Cox 1 enzymes are protective in nature and therefore are useful for the body. Similarly cox 2 enzyme are predominantly observed in inflamed tissue following infection tissue damage or injuries.
Cyclooxygenase enzyme 1 cox 1 are predominantly found endothelial cells of mucosal membrane.
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